Khulna University of Engineering & Technology

The issue of climate change and air pollution is a matter of integration due to the interaction at their happening and impact creation. In this study this impact on each other is analysed and compared at urban setting. Based on this influence characteristic two dimensions are considered to fix up the urban planning and policy tools to mitigate and adapt the problem of climate change and air pollution. The listed urban planning and policy (UPP) tools are discussed under these two dimensions: one is emission control dimension and another one in effect adaptation dimension. Emission control dimension are again considered as direct and indirect ways to mitigate the emission of Green House Gas (GHGs) and pollutants. Among the emission control planning and policy tools urban density, urban spatial form, urban design aspects, Floor area Ratio, Zoning, Transport oriented development, Travel Demand Management and livelihood improvement strategy are discussed as indirect emission control tools. On the other hand as direct emission control tools development mitigation fee and emission density zoning are listed and discussed. It is found that the most of the indirect emission control tools can be applied to control the emission by reducing the energy consumption. The major effect of all those tools is observed in transportation sector and to change in human behaviour. Compact and high density development is considered as positive factor to reduce the energy consumption at urban scale. On the other hand there are some trade off functions between urban density and other urban functions. Urban spatial form is another very important planning tool that can be used for new developed area. But it is also considerable for built up city to realize the energy consumption and emission rate and pattern influenced by spatial setting of the city. Urban design aspects, FAR and zoning are basically operational tools that help to gain certain objectives and to ensure environmental friendly development in city that can reduce the emission. On the other hand Travel Demand Management (TDM) and Transit Oriented Development (TOD) are primarily the part of transport planning and their objects are to promote certain use and control the mobility in guided ways. Livelihood improvement is related with the economics and physical living environment that can also help to reduce the air pollution and GHG emission at city level. As direct tools mitigation fee and EDZ are discussed as regulatory tools for direct control on emissions. The second dimension of the integrated problem is effect dimension. It is observed that at city level only urban heat island (UHI) is an effect dimension of the climate change and air pollution. To adapt this problem different tools are discussed under three broad categories: anthropogenic heat reduction, surface coverage improvement and structural improvement. Based on the analysis of all tools finally a common policy framework is developed. The framework developed with three basic features that are urban system optimisation, urban growth management and urban development compensation. Finally how this framework can workable in a specific context is analysed. In this case Dhaka is selected as case study and only effect dimension are analysed to see the applicability of the listed tools. It is shown that specific policies concerning building delivery and urban drainage system can help to apply the listed tools and to adapt the problem of UHI in case of Dhaka